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국문

목적: 청년 외로움· 우울증 실태 조사 및 디지털 인터벤션의 효과 탐색
만 18-27세 연령의 성균관대 대학생 60명을 성균관대 포털 홈페이지를 통해 온라인 모집하여 외로움 및 우울증상에 도움을 주는 앱의 체험 효과를 인터뷰와 설문조사 도구를 이용해 탐색하고 측정한다. 실험에 사용하는 챗봇은 CBT (인지행동 기반 테라피) 이론 기반 자연어처리기술을 이용한 상용서비스로서 Happify(n=20)와 텍스트 기반 대화형 챗봇(Woebot)(n=20), 그리고 '본디(Bondee)', SNS 서비스의 대조군(n=20) 으로서 세 가지 어플리케이션에 대해 무작위 배정(Random Control Trial)한 후 자신이 배정받은 어플리케이션을 다운받아 사용하도록 한다. 참가자들은 baseline에서 외로움과 우울지수를 측정하고 4주 후(T2), 8주후(생략가능), 12주 후에 웹 기반 UCLA 외로감 지수와 9항목 환자 건강 설문지(PHQ-9)를 측정하고 포커스그룹 인터뷰를 실행한다. 

□ 연구방법 : 질적연구방법 (포커스그룹 인터뷰)+ 양적연구방법(외로움 지수 및 우울증 지수 측정)
   
- 연구방법개요
    본 연구는 외로움 및 우울 증상을 보유한 청년들 대상 자연어기술 기반 디지털 인터벤션을 통해 체험한 내용과 효과를 포커스 그룹 인터뷰하고 또한 외로움 및 우울 지수의 경감 효과를 측정함으로써 보다 나은 효과를 거두기 위해서 개선되어야 할 필요성(unmet needs)을 탐색하는 연구이다. 학생들은  happify의 경우 최소한 16 activity 수행하고 woebot인 경우 5개의 topic, 1개의 tool(positive action), 2개의   journal/1주에 수행해야 합니다.   4~8주동안의 intervention을 통해 pre & post 외로움, 우울증 지수를 측정해서 비교하고 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통해 경험을 공유합니다. 

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Objective: Investigate the prevalence of loneliness and depression among young adults and explore the effectiveness of digital interventions

Sixty three Sungkyunkwan University students aged 18-27 will be recruited online through the Sungkyunkwan University portal homepage to explore and measure the effects of using apps designed to alleviate loneliness and depressive symptoms through interviews and questionnaires. The chatbots used in the experiment are commercial services based on CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) theory and natural language processing technology. Participants will be randomly assigned (Random Control Trial) to three applications: Happify (n=20), a text-based conversational chatbot (Woebot) (n=20), and a control group using the SNS service 'Bondee' (n=20). Participants will download and use the application they are assigned to. At baseline, participants will measure their loneliness and depression levels, and after 4 weeks (T2), 8 weeks (optional), and 12 weeks, they will complete the web-based UCLA Loneliness Scale and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and participate in focus group interviews.

□ Research Methods: Qualitative research method (focus group interviews) + Quantitative research method (measurement of loneliness and depression indices)

- Research Method Overview

This study explores the experiences and effects of natural language technology-based digital interventions on young adults with symptoms of loneliness and depression through focus group interviews. It also measures the reduction in loneliness and depression indices to identify unmet needs for improving the effectiveness of the interventions. Students using Happify must complete at least 16 activities, while those using Woebot must complete 5 topics, 1 tool (positive action), and 2 journals per week. Through the 4-8 week intervention, pre and post loneliness and depression indices will be measured and compared, and experiences will be shared through focus group interviews.

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 본 연구는 외로움 및 우울 증상을 보유한 청년들 대상 자연어기술 기반 디지털 인터벤션을 통해 체험한 내용과 효과를 포커스 그룹 인터뷰하고 또한 외로움 및 우울 지수의 경감 효과를 측정함으로써 보다 나은 효과를 거두기 위해서 개선되어야 할 필요성(unmet needs)을 탐색하는 연구이다. 학생들은  happify의 경우 최소한 16 activity 수행하고 woebot인 경우 5개의 topic, 1개의 tool(positive action), 2개의   journal/1주에 수행해야 합니다.   4~8주동안의 intervention을 통해 pre & post 외로움, 우울증 지수를 측정해서 비교하고 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통해 경험을 공유합니다. 

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This study explores the experiences and outcomes of youth with loneliness and depressive symptoms who participated in a digital intervention based on natural language technology. The study aims to identify unmet needs for improvement by conducting focus group interviews and measuring the reduction in loneliness and depression indices. Participants were required to complete at least 16 activities in the Happify app and 5 topics, 1 tool (positive action), and 2 journals per week in the Woebot app. Pre- and post-intervention loneliness and depression scores were measured and compared over 4-8 weeks, and experiences were shared through focus group interviews.

상세내용 영문

The study aims to explore and measure the effectiveness of apps designed to alleviate depressive symptoms through interviews and questionnaires.

The chatbots used in the experiment are commercial services that utilize CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) theory-based natural language processing technology. Participants will be randomly assigned (Random Control Trial) to two applications: Happify (n=21) and a text-based conversational chatbot (Woebot) (n=22). Participants will download and use the application they are assigned to. At baseline, participants will measure their loneliness and depression levels, and after 4 weeks (T2), 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, they will complete the web-based UCLA Loneliness Scale and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and participate in focus group interviews.

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The study included university students who had a high association with the MeSH Heading (Depression) but this study can be said to focus more on loneliness, which is a precursor to depression, rather than depression itself.

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PHQ9, UCLA Loneliness Index

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4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks(post intervention)

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usability, satifsaction, attrition rate, self-reported cohort mental health literacy

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8 weeks of intervention

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Modest decreases in loneliness and depression post-intervention were observed, although not statistically significant (likely due to small sample size). Welch's ANOVA found no significant differences between intervention groups (UCLA Loneliness: P=.5917; PHQ-9: P=.5058). Qualitative data indicated user satisfaction, with suggestions for improved app effectiveness and personalization.
Conclusions: Despite limitations, the study suggests the potential of well-designed digital interventions in alleviating college students' loneliness and depression. Findings underscore the importance of accessible digital tools, mental health literacy education, and comprehensive support systems. Further research with larger samples is needed.