Purpose : This study applies a 12-week resistance exercise program using elastic bands to the elderly. This is an experimental study to understand the effects on pain, depression, autonomic nervous system balance, stress, range of motion, and body composition through resistance exercise.

background : In 2019, the proportion of the population aged 65 and over in Korea was 14.6%, and is expected to increase to 40% by 2060. The aging affects the overall aspect of the human body and leads to a decrease in strength, flexibility and agility. In addition, the musculoskeletal system easily causes fatigue and increases the pain and stress caused by the accumulation of fatigue, thereby limiting the movement of normal joints. Therefore, they are limited in their activities and are accompanied by movement disorders, pain, depression, and poor quality of life during daily life. In particular, 94% of the elderly have muscle and bone problems, and 49.6% experience musculoskeletal disorders. A typical biological change according to aging is a change in body composition, that is, the proportion of body fat in body weight increases, but skeletal muscle mass is reduced among lean body masses. Muscles decrease by about 8% every 10 years from the 40s, and when they reach their 70s, the rate of decrease increases to 15% over the 10 years. As a result of this, non-active activities have further promoted the phenomenon of aging, reduced the ability to fight various diseases, and mental problems due to stress reactions such as depression and cognitive impairment. In terms of mental health, the elderly seem to be experiencing severe stress levels, and in the case of the elderly, the stress response phenomenon cannot be avoided. The response of stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and decreases the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. In addition, it is reported that it exists before cardiovascular disease is developed as a risk factor affecting the heart rate control of autonomic nerves. Through these results, efforts should be made to eliminate risk factors before the imbalance of autonomic nerves appears. Therefore, the resistance exercise using the elastic band developed by this researcher is applied to the elderly for 12 weeks to verify the effect of the subject in terms of pain and depression, stress, range of motion, and fat mass and muscle mass. 

Research hypothesis : 
1) Hypothesis 1: There are differences in shoulder pain between experimental group using resistance exercise program and control group. 
2) Hypothesis 2: There are a difference in the depression between the experimental group using the resistance exercise program and the control group.
3) Hypothesis 3: There are a differences in the stress between the experimental group using the resistance exercise program and the control group.
4) Hypothesis 4: The range of motion of the left and right shoulder joints in the experimental group applied resistance exercise program and the control group are different. 
5) Hypothesis 5: The body composition(muscle, fat thickness) of left and right shoulder joints in the experimental group applied resistance exercise program and the control group are different. 

Plan: The subjects of the study will be 40 subjects in the experimental group and 40 subjects in the control group. The experimental group will conduct a resistance exercise program at the G-city public health center for three days a week for 12 weeks from 10 am to 12 pm. The control group is a group that did not participate in the resistance exercise program and intends to continue their normal daily life for 12 weeks. The measurement will be conducted to the experimental group and the control group three times before the experimental treatment (0 week), 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.The experimental group and the control group will select different days of the week to measure pain, depression, autonomic nervous system balance, stress, range of motion, and body composition.

Basic Science

Exercise group: Resistance exercise program using Thera-band for 8 weeks 
Control group: Daily life without intervention

Arm Label

Target Number of Participant

Arm Type

Arm Description

Intervention equipment: Thera-band 
Intervention type: Resistance exercise 
Intervention action: Consisting of 8 actions 
(including internal rotation, external rotation, adduction, abduction, flexion, extension) 
Frequency of intervention: Monday, Wednesday and Friday of the week, total 8 weeks 
Time required for 1 trip Intervention: The time it takes to perform a total of 8 movements once(takes about 8m 30sec) 
Total time required for Intervention: The time of the day's resistance program(About 70 minutes/day)

Arm Label

Target Number of Participant

Arm Type

Arm Description

The control group is a group that did not participate in the resistance exercise program and intends to continue their normal daily life for 12 weeks.

Gender

Age

Description

① Those who understand and agree with the purpose of the research. 
② Middle-aged women from 60 to 80 years of age 
③ Those who are in a state of consciousness and able to communicate

① Those who had surgery on the scapula region 
② Person with severe pain at rest 
③ The person who has a structural problem(dislocations, deformities, fractures, etc.) 
④ Those who have limitation of joint movement by 60 degrees of flexion, 60 degrees of abduction, 20 degrees of external rotation, and 30 degrees of internal rotation (less than 1/3 of normal range) 
⑤ Those who have been diagnosed with shoulder disease such as rheumatism, osteoporosis, bursitis 
⑥ Those who taken shoulder related medicine such as antibiotics, analgesics, steroid medicine, etc

Shoulder Pain

Pre-test: Before the experiment, Post-test: 6th week, 12th week

Shoulder ROM(Range Of Motion)

Pre-test: Before the experiment, Post-test: 6th week, 12th week

Body composition around shoulder joint

Pre-test: Before the experiment, Post-test: 6th week, 12th week

stress

Pre-test: Before the experiment, Post-test: 6th week, 12th week